Clément Godbrage, a Renaissance historian and one of the strong proponents of the European unity project, says that within Europe the attachment for unity in diversity is extremely strong so “we are clearly seeing an important moment in the history of the EU”.Īt present, within the European context, the discipline of security is strictly seen within a national prism. The countries have reportedly decided to even send fighter jets to help Ukraine. Even Germany, Europe’s economic heavyweight, has announced it would invest more than two per cent of its gross domestic product in defence, which is seen as a watershed moment in the country’s post-World War II history.Īpart from sanctions on Russia, European countries are making a beeline to help Ukraine in various ways, including the supply of weaponry, to thwart the Russian invasion. The full-scale invasion of Ukraine is perceived as an existential threat even by Western Europe. In terms of effects over Europe and beyond the region, Ukraine’s invasion is not analogous to what happened when Crimea was annexed from Ukraine in 2014 and parts of Georgia in 2008. This has instilled pan-continental unity that no single event has catalyzed since 1993, the year of the EU’s foundation.
Russia’s perceived threat is now internalized by eastern European Baltic states, such as Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, which were earlier part of the Soviet Union, and by other eastern European countries like Poland, Romania and Moldova. Within Europe, Ukraine’s invasion has revitalized the idea of the European Union and given it a renewed sense of purpose. An elaborate, dispassionate understanding of the context and the changes that the present crisis may trigger requires substantiation. In this context, the impact of Ukraine’s invasion is consequential for Europe and non-European countries. The exceptions were the violence in the Balkans as the former Yugoslavia imploded after 1991, domestic insurgencies like those in Northern Ireland in the United Kingdom and in the Basque Country in Spain, and the colonial struggle of Algerian nationals in France. In the post-World War II phase, the Cold War led to sabre-rattling in Europe on both sides of the divide but the continent was largely spared of violence. Some of the changes seem to be obvious the others will be subtle. Teitel Leti Volpp Marilyn B.Apart from being an outright violation of the principle of territorial integrity, rooted in the conception of Westphalian sovereignty that formed the fountain head of the modern, rules-based international system, Ukraine’s invasion is set to unleash multi-dimensional consequences within Europe and outside. This collection ultimately reveals that everything did not change on September 11, 2001, but that some foundations of democratic legitimacy have been significantly eroded by claims that it did. Other essays focus on the deployment of Orientalist tropes in categorizations of those who "look Middle Eastern," the blurring of domestic and international law evident in a number of legal developments including the use of military tribunals to prosecute suspected terrorists, and the justifications for and consequences of American unilateralism. Examining the effect of the attacks on Islamic self-identity, one contributor argues that Osama bin Laden enacted an interpretation of Islam on September 11 and asserts that progressive Muslims must respond to it.
naval base at Guantánamo Bay has become a site for acting out a repressed imperial history. Essays range from an analysis of terms like "ground zero," "homeland," and "the axis of evil" to an argument that the U.S. From a variety of perspectives, the contributors to this collection scrutinize claims about September 11, in terms of both their historical validity and their consequences. and world history or whether they are best understood in the context of pre-existing historical trajectories. Bringing together leading scholars of history, law, literature, and Islam, September 11 in History asks whether the attacks and their aftermath truly marked a transition in U.S. In the period since then, the events of September 11 have been used to justify profound changes in U.S. Hours after the collapse of the Twin Towers, the idea that the September 11 attacks had "changed everything" permeated American popular and political discussion.
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